as_noaa_all_par_clim_max NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC) NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP) NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG) 20210907 Solar irradiance is one of the most important factors influencing coral reefs. As a majority of their nutrients are obtained from symbiotic photosynthesizing organisms, reef-building corals need sunlight as a fundamental source of energy. Seasonally low irradiance at high latitudes may be linked to reduced growth rates in corals and may limit reef calcification to shallower depths than that observed at lower latitudes. However, high levels of irradiance can lead to light-induced damage, production of free radicals, and in combination with increased temperatures, can exacerbate coral bleaching. Irradiance is here represented by PAR (photosynthetically active radiation), which is the spectrum of light that is important for photosynthesis. This layer represents the maximum monthly climatological mean of PAR (mol/m2/day) from 2003-2018. Data for PAR for the time period 2003-2018 were obtained from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Aqua satellite instrument from the NASA OceanColor website as 8-day 4-km composites. A quality control mask was applied to remove spurious data associated with shallow water, following Gove et al., 2013. Monthly climatologies were calculated from monthly time series averaging for all same-months (e.g., January). Nearshore map pixels with no data were filled with values from the nearest neighboring valid offshore pixel by using a grid of points and the Near Analysis tool in ArcGIS then converting points to raster. Data source: https://oceanwatch.pifsc.noaa.gov/erddap/griddap/aqua_par_8d_2018_0.graph These layers were developed as part of a geospatial database of key anthropogenic and environmental pressures to coastal waters of American Samoa. -171.33852794285266 -167.82502007000386 -10.776496516692129 -14.732041047992729 http://pacioos.org/metadata/browse/as_noaa_all_par_clim_max.png Sample image. PNG GCMD Science Keywords Earth Science > Biosphere > Aquatic Ecosystems > Reef Habitat Earth Science > Biosphere > Ecosystems > Marine Ecosystems > Reef > Coral Reef Earth Science > Biosphere > Vegetation > Photosynthetically Active Radiation Earth Science > Human Dimensions > Human Settlements > Coastal Areas Earth Science > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs Earth Science > Oceans > Ocean Optics > Photosynthetically Active Radiation GCMD Location Keywords Ocean > Pacific Ocean > South Pacific Ocean > Polynesia > American Samoa > Manua Ocean > Pacific Ocean > South Pacific Ocean > Polynesia > American Samoa > Ofu Ocean > Pacific Ocean > South Pacific Ocean > Polynesia > American Samoa > Olosega Ocean > Pacific Ocean > South Pacific Ocean > Polynesia > American Samoa > Rose Atoll Ocean > Pacific Ocean > South Pacific Ocean > Polynesia > American Samoa > Swains Ocean > Pacific Ocean > South Pacific Ocean > Polynesia > American Samoa > Tau Ocean > Pacific Ocean > South Pacific Ocean > Polynesia > American Samoa > Tutuila None Use Limitation: The data may be used and redistributed for free but is not intended for legal use, since it may contain inaccuracies. Neither the data Contributor, University of Hawaii, PacIOOS, NOAA, State of Hawaii nor the United States Government, nor any of their employees or contractors, makes any warranty, express or implied, including warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, or assumes any legal liability for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness, of this information. NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC) physical and mailing

Unknown pifsc.info@noaa.gov Please acknowledge the Ecosystem Sciences Division of the NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Honolulu, Hawaii. Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS) physical and mailing

Unknown info@pacioos.org Unknown Open Geospatial Consortium Web Coverage Service (WCS) https://geo.pacioos.hawaii.edu/geoserver/PACIOOS/as_noaa_all_par_clim_max/ows?service=WCS&version=1.0.0&request=GetCapabilities Open Geospatial Consortium Web Map Service (WMS) https://geo.pacioos.hawaii.edu/geoserver/PACIOOS/as_noaa_all_par_clim_max/ows?service=WMS&version=1.3.0&request=GetCapabilities GeoServer This URL provides access to this dataset via GeoServer, including multiple output formats and an OpenLayers viewer. https://geo.pacioos.hawaii.edu/geoserver/ PacIOOS: American Samoa Coral Reef Drivers This URL provides a viewer and/or data access for this dataset. http://pacioos.org/projects/coral-drivers-amsam/ None specified 20260601 NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC) mailing and physical Unknown pifsc.info@noaa.gov Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata: Extensions for Remote Sensing Metadata FGDC-STD-012-2002