as_noaa_all_wave_avg NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC) NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP) NOAA National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) 20210907 Wave power is a major environmental forcing mechanism that influences a number of marine ecosystem processes including coral reef community development, structure, and persistence. By driving mixing of the upper water column, wave forcing can also play a role in nutrient availability and ocean temperature reduction during warming events. Wave forcing can be highly seasonal, with winter months typically experiencing far greater wave power than that experienced during the summer months. This layer represents the mean of maximum daily wave power (kW/m) from 2002-2012. In the absence of numerical wave model and wave forcing observational site-level data at the desired spatial resolution, a wave exposure proxy, developed by S. Jeanette Clark, is used to examine wave exposure. Wave energy estimates were derived at 1-km resolution utilizing NOAA WaveWatch III (WW3) global 0.5-deg wave model data and coastline analysis of wave exposure. This is achieved by: 1) Determining the incident wave swath for a specific site at an island using a 360-degree radial plot and degree-bin elimination based on a swath's intersection with land or relevant bathymetric contour. 2) Selecting the closest WW3 pixel and extracting the time series for significant wave height, peak period, and peak direction. 3) Calculating wave power (kW/m) with significant wave height and peak period using the following equation: Ef = pg / 64pi * Hs^2 * Tp / 1000 where p is the density of sea water (1024 kg m-3), g is the acceleration of gravity (9.8 m s-2), Hs is the offshore significant wave height, and Tp is the dominant wave period (1/wavelength). 4) Lastly, annual wave power data are filtered and organized into respective degree bins based on peak direction and summed to give a wave power estimate at each site. The wave power metric calculated here is based on offshore wave height and does not account for variation with depth. These layers were developed as part of a geospatial database of key anthropogenic and environmental pressures to coastal waters of American Samoa. -171.14318546467464 -168.05000766975851 -10.98991400271496 -14.657083553388734 http://pacioos.org/metadata/browse/as_noaa_all_wave_avg.png Sample image. PNG GCMD Science Keywords Earth Science > Biosphere > Aquatic Ecosystems > Reef Habitat Earth Science > Biosphere > Ecosystems > Marine Ecosystems > Reef > Coral Reef Earth Science > Human Dimensions > Human Settlements > Coastal Areas Earth Science > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs Earth Science > Oceans > Ocean Waves > > > > Wave Power GCMD Location Keywords Ocean > Pacific Ocean > South Pacific Ocean > Polynesia > American Samoa > Manua Ocean > Pacific Ocean > South Pacific Ocean > Polynesia > American Samoa > Ofu Ocean > Pacific Ocean > South Pacific Ocean > Polynesia > American Samoa > Olosega Ocean > Pacific Ocean > South Pacific Ocean > Polynesia > American Samoa > Rose Atoll Ocean > Pacific Ocean > South Pacific Ocean > Polynesia > American Samoa > Swains Ocean > Pacific Ocean > South Pacific Ocean > Polynesia > American Samoa > Tau Ocean > Pacific Ocean > South Pacific Ocean > Polynesia > American Samoa > Tutuila None Use Limitation: The data may be used and redistributed for free but is not intended for legal use, since it may contain inaccuracies. Neither the data Contributor, University of Hawaii, PacIOOS, NOAA, State of Hawaii nor the United States Government, nor any of their employees or contractors, makes any warranty, express or implied, including warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, or assumes any legal liability for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness, of this information. NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC) physical and mailing

Unknown pifsc.info@noaa.gov Please acknowledge the Ecosystem Sciences Division of the NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Honolulu, Hawaii. Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS) physical and mailing

Unknown info@pacioos.org Unknown Open Geospatial Consortium Web Coverage Service (WCS) https://geo.pacioos.hawaii.edu/geoserver/PACIOOS/as_noaa_all_wave_avg/ows?service=WCS&version=1.0.0&request=GetCapabilities Open Geospatial Consortium Web Map Service (WMS) https://geo.pacioos.hawaii.edu/geoserver/PACIOOS/as_noaa_all_wave_avg/ows?service=WMS&version=1.3.0&request=GetCapabilities GeoServer This URL provides access to this dataset via GeoServer, including multiple output formats and an OpenLayers viewer. https://geo.pacioos.hawaii.edu/geoserver/ PacIOOS: American Samoa Coral Reef Drivers This URL provides a viewer and/or data access for this dataset. http://pacioos.org/projects/coral-drivers-amsam/ None specified 20260624 NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC) mailing and physical Unknown pifsc.info@noaa.gov Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata: Extensions for Remote Sensing Metadata FGDC-STD-012-2002