Turbidity (Kd490) Average Annual Frequency of Anomalies, 1998-2018

Identification Information

Citation:

Citation Information:

Title: Turbidity (Kd490) Average Annual Frequency of Anomalies, 1998-2018 - American Samoa

Date:

Date: September 7, 2021
Date Type: creation (CI_DateTypeCode)

Identifier:
Code: as_noaa_all_turb_anom_freq
Authority: org.pacioos

Responsible Party:

Organization Name: NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC)
Contact:

Contact Address:

Email: pifsc.info@noaa.gov

Online Resource:

Linkage: https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/about/pacific-islands-fisheries-science-center
Protocol: http
Function: information (CI_OnLineFunctionCode)

Contact Role: originator (CI_RoleCode)

Responsible Party:

Organization Name: NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP)
Contact:

Contact Address:

Email: coralreef@noaa.gov

Online Resource:

Linkage: https://coralreef.noaa.gov
Protocol: http
Function: information (CI_OnLineFunctionCode)

Contact Role: originator (CI_RoleCode)

Responsible Party:

Organization Name: European Space Agency (ESA) Climate Change Initiative (CCI)
Contact:

Contact Address:

Email: climate.office@esa.int

Online Resource:

Linkage: https://climate.esa.int
Protocol: http
Function: information (CI_OnLineFunctionCode)

Contact Role: resourceProvider (CI_RoleCode)

Responsible Party:

Organization Name: Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS)
Contact:

Contact Address:

Email: info@pacioos.org

Online Resource:

Linkage: http://pacioos.org
Protocol: http
Function: information (CI_OnLineFunctionCode)

Contact Role: publisher (CI_RoleCode)

Other Citation Details: Related publication: Gove JM, Williams GJ, McManus MA, Heron SF, Sandin SA, et al. (2013) Quantifying climatological ranges and anomalies for Pacific coral reef ecosystems. PLOS ONE 8(4): e61974. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0061974.

Suggested data citation: NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP), and European Space Agency (ESA) Climate Change Initiative (CCI). 2021. Turbidity (Kd490) Average Annual Frequency of Anomalies, 1998-2018 - American Samoa. Distributed by the Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS). http://pacioos.org/metadata/as_noaa_all_turb_anom_freq.html. Accessed [date].

Abstract:

Spectrally resolved water-leaving radiances (ocean color) and inferred chlorophyll concentration are key to studying phytoplankton dynamics at seasonal and inter-annual scales, for a better understanding of the role of phytoplankton in marine biogeochemistry; the global carbon cycle; and the response of marine ecosystems to climate variability, change, and feedback processes. Ocean color data also have a critical role in operational observation systems monitoring coastal eutrophication, harmful algal blooms, and sediment plumes. The contiguous ocean color record reached 21 years in 2018. However, it is comprised of a number of one-off missions such that creating a consistent time series of ocean color data requires merging of the individual sensors without introducing artifacts.

The diffuse attenuation coefficient at 490 nm (Kd490) indicates the turbidity of the water column: i.e., how well visible light in the blue to green region of the spectrum penetrates the water column. The value of Kd490 represents the rate at which light at 490 nm is attenuated with depth. For example, a Kd490 of 0.1 per meter means that light intensity is reduced by one natural log within 10 meters of water. Thus, for a Kd490 of 0.1, one attenuation length is 10 meters. Higher Kd490 values mean shallower attenuation depths and thus higher turbidity, or lower clarity, of ocean water. This layer represents the annual average number of anomalies of Kd490 (m-1) from 1998-2018, with values presented as fraction of a year.

Data products generated by the Ocean Colour component of the European Space Agency (ESA) Climate Change Initiative (CCI) project. These files are 8-day 4-km composites of merged sensor products: Global Area Coverage (GAC), Local Area Coverage (LAC), MEdium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS), Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Aqua, Ocean and Land Colour Instrument (OLCI), Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS), and Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS).

The Kd490 average annual frequency of anomalies was calculated by taking the average number of times that the 8-day time series exceeded the maximum monthly climatological Kd490 value from 1998-2018 for each pixel. A quality control mask was applied to remove spurious data associated with shallow water, following Gove et al., 2013. Nearshore map pixels with no data were filled with values from the nearest neighboring valid offshore pixel by using a grid of points and the Near Analysis tool in ArcGIS then converting points to raster.

Data source: https://oceanwatch.pifsc.noaa.gov/erddap/griddap/esa-cci-kd-8d-v5-0.graph

Purpose:

These layers were developed as part of a geospatial database of key anthropogenic and environmental pressures to coastal waters of American Samoa.

Credit:

Please acknowledge the Ecosystem Sciences Division of the NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Honolulu, Hawaii.

Point of Contact:

Responsible Party:

Organization Name: NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC)
Contact:

Contact Address:

Email: pifsc.info@noaa.gov

Online Resource:

Linkage: https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/about/pacific-islands-fisheries-science-center
Protocol: http
Function: information (CI_OnLineFunctionCode)

Contact Role: pointOfContact (CI_RoleCode)

Browse Graphic:

View full image

Image File: http://www.pacioos.hawaii.edu/metadata/browse/as_noaa_all_turb_anom_freq.png

File Description:

Sample image.

Descriptive Keywords:

Keywords:

Keyword Type: theme (MD_KeywordTypeCode)
Keyword: Earth Science Biosphere Aquatic Ecosystems Reef Habitat
Keyword: Earth Science Biosphere Ecosystems Marine Ecosystems Reef Coral Reef
Keyword: Earth Science Human Dimensions Human Settlements Coastal Areas
Keyword: Earth Science Oceans Coastal Processes Coral Reefs
Keyword: Earth Science Oceans Ocean Optics Turbidity Kd490
Keyword: Earth Science Oceans Water Quality
Keyword Thesaurus:

Citation Information:

Title: GCMD Science Keywords

Keywords:

Keyword Type: place (MD_KeywordTypeCode)
Keyword: Ocean Pacific Ocean South Pacific Ocean Polynesia American Samoa Manua
Keyword: Ocean Pacific Ocean South Pacific Ocean Polynesia American Samoa Ofu
Keyword: Ocean Pacific Ocean South Pacific Ocean Polynesia American Samoa Olosega
Keyword: Ocean Pacific Ocean South Pacific Ocean Polynesia American Samoa Rose Atoll
Keyword: Ocean Pacific Ocean South Pacific Ocean Polynesia American Samoa Swains
Keyword: Ocean Pacific Ocean South Pacific Ocean Polynesia American Samoa Tau
Keyword: Ocean Pacific Ocean South Pacific Ocean Polynesia American Samoa Tutuila
Keyword Thesaurus:

Citation Information:

Title: GCMD Location Keywords

Keywords:

Keyword Type: project (MD_KeywordTypeCode)
Keyword: PacIOOS Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System
Keyword Thesaurus:

Citation Information:

Title: GCMD Project Keywords

Keywords:

Keyword Type: dataCenter (MD_KeywordTypeCode)
Keyword: PacIOOS Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System
Keyword Thesaurus:

Citation Information:

Title: GCMD Data Center Keywords

Aggregation Information:

Aggregate Dataset Name:

Citation Information:

Title: Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS)

Association Type: largerWorkCitation (DS_AssociationTypeCode)

Initiative Type: project (DS_InitiativeTypeCode)

Resource Constraints:

Legal Constraints:

Use Limitation:

The data may be used and redistributed for free but is not intended for legal use, since it may contain inaccuracies. Neither the data Contributor, University of Hawaii, PacIOOS, NOAA, State of Hawaii nor the United States Government, nor any of their employees or contractors, makes any warranty, express or implied, including warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, or assumes any legal liability for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness, of this information.

Language:

eng

Topic Categories (MD_TopicCategoryCode):

Topic Category: environment
Topic Category: oceans

Extent Information:

Spatial Temporal Extent:

Geographic Element:

Bounding Coordinates:

Westbound Longitude: -171.33852°
Eastbound Longitude: -167.82501°
Southbound Latitude: -14.73203°
Northbound Latitude: -10.77649°

Services:

Service Identification:

Identifier: OGC-WCS

Service Type: Open Geospatial Consortium Web Coverage Service (WCS)

Contains Operation:

Operation Name: GetCapabilities

Online Resource:

Linkage: http://geo.pacioos.hawaii.edu/geoserver/PACIOOS/as_noaa_all_turb_anom_freq/ows?service=WCS&version=1.0.0&request=GetCapabilities
Name: OGC-WCS
Protocol: OGC:WCS
Description: Open Geospatial Consortium Web Coverage Service (WCS). Supported WCS versions include 1.0.0, 1.1.0, and 1.1.1. Supported output formats include GeoTIFF, GIF, JPEG, PNG, or TIFF.
Function: download (CI_OnLineFunctionCode)

Services:

Service Identification:

Identifier: OGC-WMS

Service Type: Open Geospatial Consortium Web Map Service (WMS)

Contains Operation:

Operation Name: GetCapabilities

Online Resource:

Linkage: http://geo.pacioos.hawaii.edu/geoserver/PACIOOS/as_noaa_all_turb_anom_freq/ows?service=WMS&version=1.3.0&request=GetCapabilities
Name: OGC-WMS
Protocol: OGC:WMS
Description: Open Geospatial Consortium Web Map Service (WMS). Supported WMS versions include 1.1.1 and 1.3.0. Supported map formats include AtomPub, GeoRSS, GeoTIFF, GIF, JPEG, KML/KMZ, PDF, PNG, SVG, and TIFF. Supported info formats include GeoJSON, GeoJSON-P, GML, HTML, and plain text.
Function: download (CI_OnLineFunctionCode)

Services:

Service Identification:

Identifier: OGC-WMS-C

Service Type: Open Geospatial Consortium Web Map Service - Cached (WMS-C)

Contains Operation:

Operation Name: GetCapabilities

Online Resource:

Linkage: http://geo.pacioos.hawaii.edu/geoserver/PACIOOS/gwc/service/wms?service=WMS&version=1.1.1&request=GetCapabilities&tiled=true
Name: OGC-WMS-C
Protocol: OGC:WMS-C
Description: Open Geospatial Consortium Web Map Service - Cached (WMS-C). Use of WMS-C is similar to traditional WMS but with the addition of the "tiled=true" parameter, which triggers GeoServer to pull map tiles from GeoWebCache if they have been previously generated. This can dramatically improve performance, especially for larger datasets. Supported map formats include JPEG and PNG. Supported info formats include GeoJSON, GML, HTML, and plain text.
Function: download (CI_OnLineFunctionCode)