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        State of Hawaii Clean Water Branch (CWB)
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                cleanwaterbranch@doh.hawaii.gov
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      Citation: 
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          Title: 
            Hawaii Clean Water Branch (CWB) Beach Water Quality Data
          Date: 
            Date: 
              Date: 
                Date: 
                  2013-03-28
              Date_Type: 
                Date_Type_Code: 
                  creation
          Date: 
            Date: 
              Date: 
                Date: 
                  2013-03-28
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              Date: 
                Date: 
                  2013-03-28
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              Individual_Name: 
              Organisation_Name: 
                State of Hawaii Clean Water Branch (CWB)
              Contact_Information: 
                Contact: 
                  Address: 
                    Address: 
                      Electronic_Mail_Address: 
                        cleanwaterbranch@doh.hawaii.gov
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      Abstract: 
        Exposure to sewage contaminated recreational waters may cause 
        gastrointestinal illnesses in swimmers. The State of Hawaii Department 
        of Health (HIDOH) Clean Water Branch (CWB) monitors the waters of 
        Hawaii's beaches for concentrations of Enterococcus, which acts as an 
        indicator of pathogens. The CWB also uses Clostridium perfringens as a 
        secondary tracer of sewage contamination. Results of this monitoring 
        are evaluated using a decision rule to determine whether a beach is 
        safe ("Compliant") or not safe (on "Alert") for swimming and other 
        water contact activities. If a beach is found to be on "Alert" due to 
        elevated indicator bacteria levels, the CWB issues public warnings and 
        alerts and determines whether resampling of the area is necessary.
        
        Under the U.S. BEACH Act, the State of Hawaii receives an annual grant 
        to implement its beach monitoring program. This requires the State to 
        conduct a monitoring and notification program that is consistent with 
        performance criteria published by the U.S. Environmental Protection 
        Agency (EPA) in 2002. In March 2010, the EPA approved amendments to 
        the Hawaii Administrative Rules (HAR), Chapter 11-54, Water Quality 
        Standards (CWB QAPrgP, HIDOH 2011, Appendix D), which revised the 
        previous State Enterococcus criteria of a geometric mean (GM) of 7 
        colony-forming units (CFU) per 100 mL and a single sample maximum 
        (SSM) of 100 CFU/100 mL to meet current EPA guidelines. The State of 
        Hawaii now uses the EPA recommended Enterococcus GM and SSM for 
        recreational waters consistent in the 1986 Ambient Water Quality 
        Criteria for Bacteria. The criterion lists the GM and SSM for marine 
        waters as 35 CFU/100 mL and 104 CFU/100 mL, respectively.
        
        The CWB utilizes Clostridium perfringens as a secondary tracer in 
        addition to the Enterococcus indicator to help distinguish between 
        sewage and non-sewage sources of elevated Enterococcus levels in 
        marine coastal waters. The reliability of Enterococcus as an indicator 
        organism in tropical environments has been questioned. This issue was 
        formally documented in the report, Tropical Water Quality Indicator 
        Workshop (Fujioka and Byappanahalli, 2003).
        
        One of the limitations of all available and EPA-approved test methods 
        is that the sample must be incubated for about 24 hours. As a result, 
        the public finds out today when they shouldn't have gone in the water 
        yesterday. As a result, warning signs on the beach may or may not be 
        reflective of actual water quality because they are based on tests 
        performed one or more days ago.
      Purpose: 
        PacIOOS provides timely, reliable, and accurate ocean information to 
        support a safe, clean, productive ocean and resilient coastal zone in 
        the U.S. Pacific Islands region.
      Credit: 
        The Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS) is funded through 
        the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) as a 
        Regional Association within the U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System 
        (IOOS). PacIOOS is coordinated by the University of Hawaii School of 
        Ocean and Earth Science and Technology (SOEST).
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          Organisation_Name: 
            State of Hawaii Clean Water Branch (CWB)
          Contact_Information: 
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              Address: 
                Address: 
                  Electronic_Mail_Address: 
                    cleanwaterbranch@doh.hawaii.gov
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          Keyword: 
            Earth Science > Oceans > Ocean Chemistry > pH
          Keyword: 
            Earth Science > Oceans > Ocean Optics > Turbidity
          Keyword: 
            Earth Science > Oceans > Ocean Temperature > Water Temperature
          Keyword: 
            Earth Science > Oceans > Salinity/Density > Salinity
          Keyword: 
            Earth Science > Oceans > Water Quality > Ocean Contaminants
          Keyword: 
            Earth Science > Oceans > Ocean Chemistry > Oxygen
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            Coastal Stations
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                GCMD Platform Keywords
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            pH Meters
          Keyword: 
            In Situ/Laboratory Instruments > Conductivity Sensors
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            In Situ/Laboratory Instruments > Photon/Optical Detectors > > > 
            Turbidity Meters
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          Keyword: 
            In Situ/Laboratory Instruments > Temperature/Humidity Sensors > > 
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          Keyword: 
            Continent > North America > United States Of America > Hawaii
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      Resource_Constraints: 
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            The data may be used and redistributed for free but is not 
            intended for legal use, since it may contain inaccuracies. Neither 
            the data Contributor, University of Hawaii, PacIOOS, NOAA, State 
            of Hawaii nor the United States Government, nor any of their 
            employees or contractors, makes any warranty, express or implied, 
            including warranties of merchantability and fitness for a 
            particular purpose, or assumes any legal liability for the 
            accuracy, completeness, or usefulness, of this information.
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                  2013-03-28
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                State of Hawaii Clean Water Branch (CWB)
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                        cleanwaterbranch@doh.hawaii.gov
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      Abstract: 
        Exposure to sewage contaminated recreational waters may cause 
        gastrointestinal illnesses in swimmers. The State of Hawaii Department 
        of Health (HIDOH) Clean Water Branch (CWB) monitors the waters of 
        Hawaii's beaches for concentrations of Enterococcus, which acts as an 
        indicator of pathogens. The CWB also uses Clostridium perfringens as a 
        secondary tracer of sewage contamination. Results of this monitoring 
        are evaluated using a decision rule to determine whether a beach is 
        safe ("Compliant") or not safe (on "Alert") for swimming and other 
        water contact activities. If a beach is found to be on "Alert" due to 
        elevated indicator bacteria levels, the CWB issues public warnings and 
        alerts and determines whether resampling of the area is necessary.
        
        Under the U.S. BEACH Act, the State of Hawaii receives an annual grant 
        to implement its beach monitoring program. This requires the State to 
        conduct a monitoring and notification program that is consistent with 
        performance criteria published by the U.S. Environmental Protection 
        Agency (EPA) in 2002. In March 2010, the EPA approved amendments to 
        the Hawaii Administrative Rules (HAR), Chapter 11-54, Water Quality 
        Standards (CWB QAPrgP, HIDOH 2011, Appendix D), which revised the 
        previous State Enterococcus criteria of a geometric mean (GM) of 7 
        colony-forming units (CFU) per 100 mL and a single sample maximum 
        (SSM) of 100 CFU/100 mL to meet current EPA guidelines. The State of 
        Hawaii now uses the EPA recommended Enterococcus GM and SSM for 
        recreational waters consistent in the 1986 Ambient Water Quality 
        Criteria for Bacteria. The criterion lists the GM and SSM for marine 
        waters as 35 CFU/100 mL and 104 CFU/100 mL, respectively.
        
        The CWB utilizes Clostridium perfringens as a secondary tracer in 
        addition to the Enterococcus indicator to help distinguish between 
        sewage and non-sewage sources of elevated Enterococcus levels in 
        marine coastal waters. The reliability of Enterococcus as an indicator 
        organism in tropical environments has been questioned. This issue was 
        formally documented in the report, Tropical Water Quality Indicator 
        Workshop (Fujioka and Byappanahalli, 2003).
        
        One of the limitations of all available and EPA-approved test methods 
        is that the sample must be incubated for about 24 hours. As a result, 
        the public finds out today when they shouldn't have gone in the water 
        yesterday. As a result, warning signs on the beach may or may not be 
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        performed one or more days ago.
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                  2013-03-28
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      Abstract: 
        Exposure to sewage contaminated recreational waters may cause 
        gastrointestinal illnesses in swimmers. The State of Hawaii Department 
        of Health (HIDOH) Clean Water Branch (CWB) monitors the waters of 
        Hawaii's beaches for concentrations of Enterococcus, which acts as an 
        indicator of pathogens. The CWB also uses Clostridium perfringens as a 
        secondary tracer of sewage contamination. Results of this monitoring 
        are evaluated using a decision rule to determine whether a beach is 
        safe ("Compliant") or not safe (on "Alert") for swimming and other 
        water contact activities. If a beach is found to be on "Alert" due to 
        elevated indicator bacteria levels, the CWB issues public warnings and 
        alerts and determines whether resampling of the area is necessary.
        
        Under the U.S. BEACH Act, the State of Hawaii receives an annual grant 
        to implement its beach monitoring program. This requires the State to 
        conduct a monitoring and notification program that is consistent with 
        performance criteria published by the U.S. Environmental Protection 
        Agency (EPA) in 2002. In March 2010, the EPA approved amendments to 
        the Hawaii Administrative Rules (HAR), Chapter 11-54, Water Quality 
        Standards (CWB QAPrgP, HIDOH 2011, Appendix D), which revised the 
        previous State Enterococcus criteria of a geometric mean (GM) of 7 
        colony-forming units (CFU) per 100 mL and a single sample maximum 
        (SSM) of 100 CFU/100 mL to meet current EPA guidelines. The State of 
        Hawaii now uses the EPA recommended Enterococcus GM and SSM for 
        recreational waters consistent in the 1986 Ambient Water Quality 
        Criteria for Bacteria. The criterion lists the GM and SSM for marine 
        waters as 35 CFU/100 mL and 104 CFU/100 mL, respectively.
        
        The CWB utilizes Clostridium perfringens as a secondary tracer in 
        addition to the Enterococcus indicator to help distinguish between 
        sewage and non-sewage sources of elevated Enterococcus levels in 
        marine coastal waters. The reliability of Enterococcus as an indicator 
        organism in tropical environments has been questioned. This issue was 
        formally documented in the report, Tropical Water Quality Indicator 
        Workshop (Fujioka and Byappanahalli, 2003).
        
        One of the limitations of all available and EPA-approved test methods 
        is that the sample must be incubated for about 24 hours. As a result, 
        the public finds out today when they shouldn't have gone in the water 
        yesterday. As a result, warning signs on the beach may or may not be 
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                    float
          Descriptor: 
            turbidity NTU (sea_water_turbidity)
          Value_Unit: 
      Dimension: 
        Band: 
          Sequence_Identifier: 
            Member_Name: 
              Name: 
                ph
              Attribute_Type: 
                Type_Name: 
                  Name: 
                    float
          Descriptor: 
            pH (sea_water_ph_reported_on_total_scale)
          Value_Unit: 
      Dimension: 
        Band: 
          Sequence_Identifier: 
            Member_Name: 
              Name: 
                oxygen
              Attribute_Type: 
                Type_Name: 
                  Name: 
                    float
          Descriptor: 
            dissolved oxygen (mass_concentration_of_oxygen_in_sea_water)
          Value_Unit: 
      Dimension: 
        Band: 
          Sequence_Identifier: 
            Member_Name: 
              Name: 
                oxygen_saturation
              Attribute_Type: 
                Type_Name: 
                  Name: 
                    float
          Descriptor: 
            dissolved oxygen saturation 
            (fractional_saturation_of_oxygen_in_sea_water)
          Value_Unit: 
  Distribution_Information: 
    Distribution: 
      Distributor: 
        Distributor: 
          Distributor_Contact: 
            Responsible_Party: 
              Individual_Name: 
              Organisation_Name: 
                Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS)
              Contact_Information: 
                Contact: 
                  Address: 
                    Address: 
                      Electronic_Mail_Address: 
                        info@pacioos.org
                  Online_Resource: 
                    Online_Resource: 
                      Linkage: 
                        URL: 
                          http://pacioos.org
                      Protocol: 
                        http
                      Application_Profile: 
                        web browser
                      Function: 
                        OnLine_Function_Code: 
                          information
              Role: 
                Role_Code: 
                  publisher
          Distributor_Format: 
            Format: 
              Name: 
                OPeNDAP
              Version: 
                DAP/2.0
          Distributor_Transfer_Options: 
            Digital_Transfer_Options: 
              Online: 
                Online_Resource: 
                  Linkage: 
                    URL: 
                      https://pae-paha.pacioos.hawaii.edu/erddap/tabledap/cwb_water_quality.html
                  Protocol: 
                    order
                  Name: 
                    Data Subset Form
                  Description: 
                    ERDDAP's version of the OPeNDAP .html web page for this 
                    dataset. Specify a subset of the dataset and download the 
                    data via OPeNDAP or in many different file types.
                  Function: 
                    OnLine_Function_Code: 
                      download
          Distributor_Transfer_Options: 
            Digital_Transfer_Options: 
              Online: 
                Online_Resource: 
                  Linkage: 
                    URL: 
                      https://pae-paha.pacioos.hawaii.edu/erddap/tabledap/cwb_water_quality.graph
                  Protocol: 
                    order
                  Name: 
                    Make-A-Graph Form
                  Description: 
                    ERDDAP's Make-A-Graph .html web page for this dataset. 
                    Create an image with a map or graph of a subset of the data.
                  Function: 
                    OnLine_Function_Code: 
                      mapDigital
          Distributor_Transfer_Options: 
            Digital_Transfer_Options: 
              Online: 
                Online_Resource: 
                  Linkage: 
                    URL: 
                      http://pacioos.org/voyager/index.html?region=hi&t=m&s=1&o=qual:3::v7c50n1:wq
                  Protocol: 
                    http
                  Name: 
                    PacIOOS Voyager (Google Maps API)
                  Description: 
                    This URL provides a viewer and/or data access for this 
                    dataset.
                  Function: 
                    OnLine_Function_Code: 
                      download
          Distributor_Transfer_Options: 
            Digital_Transfer_Options: 
              Online: 
                Online_Resource: 
                  Linkage: 
                    URL: 
                      http://cwb.doh.hawaii.gov/CleanWaterBranch/WaterQualityData/
                  Protocol: 
                    http
                  Name: 
                    State of Hawaii Clean Water Branch (CWB) website
                  Description: 
                    This URL provides a viewer and/or data access for this 
                    dataset.
                  Function: 
                    OnLine_Function_Code: 
                      download
          Distributor_Transfer_Options: 
            Digital_Transfer_Options: 
              Online: 
                Online_Resource: 
                  Linkage: 
                    URL: 
                      https://www.waterqualitydata.us/portal/
                  Protocol: 
                    http
                  Name: 
                    U.S. Water Quality Portal (WQP): Organization ID = "21HI"
                  Description: 
                    This URL provides a viewer and/or data access for this 
                    dataset.
                  Function: 
                    OnLine_Function_Code: 
                      download
          Distributor_Transfer_Options: 
            Digital_Transfer_Options: 
              Online: 
                Online_Resource: 
                  Linkage: 
                    URL: 
                      https://www.pacioos.hawaii.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Beach_Monitoring_QAPP_CWBMONQAPP002_120507.pdf
                  Protocol: 
                    http
                  Name: 
                    Related URL
                  Description: 
                    This URL provides additional information related to this 
                    dataset.
                  Function: 
                    OnLine_Function_Code: 
                      information
          Distributor_Transfer_Options: 
            Digital_Transfer_Options: 
              Online: 
                Online_Resource: 
                  Linkage: 
                    URL: 
                      https://health.hawaii.gov/cwb/files/2017/05/Hawaii-Beach-Monitoring-Program-170508.pdf
                  Protocol: 
                    http
                  Name: 
                    Related URL
                  Description: 
                    This URL provides additional information related to this 
                    dataset.
                  Function: 
                    OnLine_Function_Code: 
                      information
  Data_Quality_Information: 
    Data_Quality: 
      Scope: 
        Scope: 
          Hierarchy_Level: 
            Scope_Code: 
              dataset
      Lineage: 
        Lineage: 
          Statement: 
            2013-03-29T00:00:00Z PacIOOS begins ingest from U.S. Water Quality 
            Portal (WQP) and Hawaii Clean Water Branch (CWB) into PacIOOS 
            ERDDAP data server.
  Metadata_Maintenance: 
    Maintenance_Information: 
      Maintenance_And_Update_Frequency: 
      Maintenance_Note: 
        This record was created using dataset metadata from ERDDAP.