Metadata: 
  File_Identifier: 
    hi_otp_all_invasive_algae
  Language: 
    gmd:LanguageCode: 
      eng
  Character_Set: 
    Character_Set_Code: 
      UTF8
  Hierarchy_Level: 
    Scope_Code: 
      dataset
  Hierarchy_Level: 
    Scope_Code: 
      service
  Metadata_Author: 
    Responsible_Party: 
      Individual_Name: 
        Carrie V. Kappel
      Organisation_Name: 
        National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS)
      Contact_Information: 
        Contact: 
          Address: 
            Address: 
              Electronic_Mail_Address: 
                kappel@nceas.ucsb.edu
          Online_Resource: 
            Online_Resource: 
              Linkage: 
                URL: 
                  http://oceantippingpoints.org/about-us/people#Carrie
              Protocol: 
                http
              Application_Profile: 
                web browser
              Name: 
              Description: 
              Function: 
                OnLine_Function_Code: 
                  information
      Role: 
        Role_Code: 
          pointOfContact
  Date_Stamp: 
    Date: 
      2024-11-14
  Metadata_Standard_Name: 
    ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata Part 2 Extensions for 
    imagery and gridded data
  Metadata_Standard_Version: 
    ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
  Spatial_Representation_Information: 
    Grid_Spatial_Representation: 
      Number_Of_Dimensions: 
        Integer: 
          2
      Axis_Dimension_Properties: 
        Dimension: 
          Dimension_Name: 
            Dimension_Name_Type_Code: 
              column
          Dimension_Size: 
            Integer: 
              1192
          Resolution: 
            Measure: 
              0.004712257620891233
      Axis_Dimension_Properties: 
        Dimension: 
          Dimension_Name: 
            Dimension_Name_Type_Code: 
              row
          Dimension_Size: 
            Integer: 
              727
          Resolution: 
            Measure: 
              0.004712257620891233
      Cell_Geometry: 
        Cell_Geometry_Code: 
          area
      Transformation_Parameter_Availability: 
  Identification_Information: 
    Data_Identification: 
      Citation: 
        Citation: 
          Title: 
            Observed Presence of Alien and Invasive Algae, 2000-2013 - Hawaii
          Date: 
            Date: 
              Date: 
                Date: 
                  2017-03-14
              Date_Type: 
                Date_Type_Code: 
                  creation
          Date: 
            Date: 
              Date: 
                Date: 
                  2017-03-14
              Date_Type: 
                Date_Type_Code: 
                  issued
          Date: 
            Date: 
              Date: 
                Date: 
                  2017-03-14
              Date_Type: 
                Date_Type_Code: 
                  revision
          Identifier: 
            Identifier: 
              Authority: 
                Citation: 
                  Title: 
                    org.pacioos
                  Date: 
              Code: 
                hi_otp_all_invasive_algae
          Cited_Responsible_Party: 
            Responsible_Party: 
              Individual_Name: 
                Carrie V. Kappel
              Organisation_Name: 
                National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS)
              Contact_Information: 
                Contact: 
                  Address: 
                    Address: 
                      Electronic_Mail_Address: 
                        kappel@nceas.ucsb.edu
                  Online_Resource: 
                    Online_Resource: 
                      Linkage: 
                        URL: 
                          http://oceantippingpoints.org/about-us/people#Carrie
                      Protocol: 
                        http
                      Application_Profile: 
                        web browser
                      Name: 
                      Description: 
                      Function: 
                        OnLine_Function_Code: 
                          information
              Role: 
                Role_Code: 
                  principalInvestigator
          Cited_Responsible_Party: 
            Responsible_Party: 
              Individual_Name: 
                Lisa M. Wedding
              Organisation_Name: 
                University of Oxford
              Contact_Information: 
                Contact: 
                  Address: 
                    Address: 
                      Electronic_Mail_Address: 
                        lisa.wedding@ouce.ox.ac.uk
                  Online_Resource: 
                    Online_Resource: 
                      Linkage: 
                        URL: 
                          https://www.geog.ox.ac.uk/staff/lwedding.html
                      Protocol: 
                        http
                      Application_Profile: 
                        web browser
                      Name: 
                      Description: 
                      Function: 
                        OnLine_Function_Code: 
                          information
              Role: 
                Role_Code: 
                  originator
          Cited_Responsible_Party: 
            Responsible_Party: 
              Individual_Name: 
                Joey Lecky
              Organisation_Name: 
                NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC)
              Contact_Information: 
                Contact: 
                  Address: 
                    Address: 
                      Electronic_Mail_Address: 
                        joey.lecky@noaa.gov
              Role: 
                Role_Code: 
                  originator
          Cited_Responsible_Party: 
            Responsible_Party: 
              Organisation_Name: 
                Ocean Tipping Points (OTP)
              Contact_Information: 
                Contact: 
                  Address: 
                    Address: 
                      Electronic_Mail_Address: 
                        info@oceantippingpoints.org
                  Online_Resource: 
                    Online_Resource: 
                      Linkage: 
                        URL: 
                          http://oceantippingpoints.org
                      Protocol: 
                        http
                      Application_Profile: 
                        web browser
                      Name: 
                      Description: 
                      Function: 
                        OnLine_Function_Code: 
                          information
              Role: 
                Role_Code: 
                  resourceProvider
          Cited_Responsible_Party: 
            Responsible_Party: 
              Organisation_Name: 
                Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS)
              Contact_Information: 
                Contact: 
                  Address: 
                    Address: 
                      Electronic_Mail_Address: 
                        info@pacioos.org
                  Online_Resource: 
                    Online_Resource: 
                      Linkage: 
                        URL: 
                          http://pacioos.org
                      Protocol: 
                        http
                      Application_Profile: 
                        web browser
                      Name: 
                      Description: 
                      Function: 
                        OnLine_Function_Code: 
                          information
              Role: 
                Role_Code: 
                  publisher
          Other_Citation_Details: 
            Related publications: Wedding LM, Lecky J, Gove JM, Walecka HR, 
            Donovan MK, et al. (2018) Advancing the integration of spatial 
            data to map human and natural drivers on coral reefs. PLOS ONE 
            13(3): e0189792. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0189792; 
            Smith, JE, Hunter CL, and Smith CM (2002) Distribution and 
            reproductive characteristics of nonindigenous and invasive marine 
            algae in the Hawaiian Islands. Pacific Science 56(3): 299-315. 
            https://doi.org/10.1353/psc.2002.0030.
      Abstract: 
        Due to the geographic isolation of the Hawaiian Islands, close to 25% 
        of Hawaii's reef fishes and red algae species are endemic. This leaves 
        Hawaiian coral reefs particularly vulnerable to alien invasions due to 
        their valuable role as a biodiversity resource. Invasive algae can 
        pose a serious threat to coral reefs by spreading and growing rapidly, 
        smothering or outcompeting corals and other organisms. This can 
        significantly alter the structure and function of the reef ecosystem. 
        Four species of alien red algae have become invasive in Hawaii: 
        prickly seaweed (Acanthophora spicifera), hookweed (Hypnea 
        musciformis), smothering seaweed (Kappaphycus spp.), and gorilla ogo 
        (Gracilaria salicornia). This raster data layer represents the 
        presence of alien and invasive algal species within 1 km of an 
        observation. Invasive algae data originated from monitoring surveys in 
        the University of Hawaii at Manoa (UH) Fisheries Ecology Research 
        Laboratory (FERL) Hawaii Fish and Benthic Biological Synthesis 
        Database (2000-2013), which is synthesized from NOAA, State of Hawaii 
        Division of Aquatic Resources (DAR), Coral Reef Assessment and 
        Monitoring Program (CRAMP), and The Nature Conservancy (TNC), as well 
        as invasive algae surveys conducted across the state in 2002 by Dr. 
        Jennifer Smith (Smith et al., 2002).
        
        These data should be considered presence only. Areas with no presence 
        may be due to lack of survey data, surveys that did not identify algae 
        to the species level, or observed absence. Point data for transects 
        with observed presence of any invasive algae were assigned a value of 
        1 and converted to raster with 500-m pixel size. To account for 
        uncertainty in geographic position and the fragmentation and spread of 
        algae, the Ocean Tipping Points (OTP) project estimated presence 
        within a 1-km radius of observed invasive algae presence. A Focal 
        Statistics tool was run to calculate the maximum value within a 1-km 
        radius of each pixel with the assumption that if an invasive algae was 
        observed in one location it is likely present in at least the 
        surrounding 1 km of reef area. Final raster values of 1 represent 
        areas within 1 km of positive invasive algae observations while values 
        of 0 represent the remaining area. The geographic extent of the data 
        layer is from the shoreline of the Main Hawaiian Islands extending 5 
        km offshore and 1 km inshore.
      Purpose: 
        This layer was developed as part of a geospatial database of key 
        anthropogenic pressures to coastal waters of the Main Hawaiian Islands 
        for the Ocean Tipping Points (OTP) project 
        (http://oceantippingpoints.org). Ocean tipping points occur when 
        shifts in human use or environmental conditions result in large, and 
        sometimes abrupt, impacts to marine ecosystems. The ability to predict 
        and understand ocean tipping points can enhance ecosystem management, 
        including critical coral reef management and policies to protect 
        ecosystem services produced by coral reefs. The goal of the Ocean 
        Tipping Points Hawaii case study was to gather, process, and map 
        spatial information on environmental and human-based drivers of coral 
        reef ecosystem conditions.
      Credit: 
        The Ocean Tipping Points project, 2016. Please acknowledge the Ocean 
        Tipping Points project as a source when these data are used in the 
        preparation of reports, papers, publications, maps, and other 
        products. When applying these data for publication, please reference 
        and cite the following journal article: Wedding LM, Lecky J, Gove JM, 
        Walecka HR, Donovan MK, et al. (2018) Advancing the integration of 
        spatial data to map human and natural drivers on coral reefs. PLOS ONE 
        13(3): e0189792. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0189792.
      Point_Of_Contact: 
        Responsible_Party: 
          Individual_Name: 
            Carrie V. Kappel
          Organisation_Name: 
            National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS)
          Contact_Information: 
            Contact: 
              Address: 
                Address: 
                  Electronic_Mail_Address: 
                    kappel@nceas.ucsb.edu
              Online_Resource: 
                Online_Resource: 
                  Linkage: 
                    URL: 
                      http://oceantippingpoints.org/about-us/people#Carrie
                  Protocol: 
                    http
                  Application_Profile: 
                    web browser
                  Name: 
                  Description: 
                  Function: 
                    OnLine_Function_Code: 
                      information
          Role: 
            Role_Code: 
              pointOfContact
      Graphic_Overview: 
        Browse_Graphic: 
          File_Name: 
            http://pacioos.org/metadata/browse/hi_otp_all_invasive_algae.png
          File_Description: 
            Sample image.
      Descriptive_Keywords: 
        Keywords: 
          Keyword: 
            Earth Science > Biological Classification > Plants > Macroalgae 
            (Seaweeds) > Red Algae
          Keyword: 
            Earth Science > Biosphere > Aquatic Ecosystems > Reef Habitat
          Keyword: 
            Earth Science > Biosphere > Ecological Dynamics > Community 
            Dynamics > Invasive Species
          Keyword: 
            Earth Science > Biosphere > Ecosystems > Marine Ecosystems > Reef 
            > Coral Reef
          Keyword: 
            Earth Science > Human Dimensions > Environmental Impacts
          Keyword: 
            Earth Science > Human Dimensions > Human Settlements > Coastal Areas
          Keyword: 
            Earth Science > Human Dimensions > Sustainability > Environmental 
            Sustainability
          Keyword: 
            Earth Science > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs
          Type: 
            Keyword_Type_Code: 
              theme
          Thesaurus_Name: 
            Citation: 
              Title: 
                GCMD Science Keywords
              Date: 
      Descriptive_Keywords: 
        Keywords: 
          Keyword: 
            Continent > North America > United States Of America > Hawaii
          Keyword: 
            Ocean > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands
          Type: 
            Keyword_Type_Code: 
              place
          Thesaurus_Name: 
            Citation: 
              Title: 
                GCMD Location Keywords
              Date: 
      Descriptive_Keywords: 
        Keywords: 
          Keyword: 
            PacIOOS > Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System
          Type: 
            Keyword_Type_Code: 
              project
          Thesaurus_Name: 
            Citation: 
              Title: 
                GCMD Project Keywords
              Date: 
      Descriptive_Keywords: 
        Keywords: 
          Keyword: 
            PacIOOS > Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System
          Type: 
            Keyword_Type_Code: 
              dataCenter
          Thesaurus_Name: 
            Citation: 
              Title: 
                GCMD Data Center Keywords
              Date: 
      Resource_Constraints: 
        Legal_Constraints: 
          Use_Limitation: 
            Please contact the Ocean Tipping Points (OTP) project in advance 
            of applying these data to project work so that the principal 
            investigator, Carrie Kappel (kappel@nceas.ucsb.edu), can track and 
            communicate data uses and ensure no duplicate efforts are 
            underway. The data may be used and redistributed for free but is 
            not intended for legal use, since it may contain inaccuracies. 
            Neither the data Contributor, University of Hawaii, PacIOOS, NOAA, 
            State of Hawaii nor the United States Government, nor any of their 
            employees or contractors, makes any warranty, express or implied, 
            including warranties of merchantability and fitness for a 
            particular purpose, or assumes any legal liability for the 
            accuracy, completeness, or usefulness, of this information.
      Aggregation_Information: 
        Aggregate_Information: 
          Aggregate_Dataset_Name: 
            Citation: 
              Title: 
                Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS)
              Date: 
          Association_Type: 
            Association_Type_Code: 
              largerWorkCitation
          Initiative_Type: 
            Initiative_Type_Code: 
              project
      Language: 
        eng
      Topic_Category: 
        Topic_Category_Code: 
          biota
      Topic_Category: 
        Topic_Category_Code: 
          environment
      Topic_Category: 
        Topic_Category_Code: 
          oceans
      Extent: 
        Extent: 
          Geographic_Element: 
            Geographic_Bounding_Box: 
              Extent_Type_Code: 
                Boolean: 
                  1
              West_Bound_Longitude: 
                Decimal: 
                  -160.29941254176182
              East_Bound_Longitude: 
                Decimal: 
                  -154.67768920003857
              South_Bound_Latitude: 
                Decimal: 
                  18.84863823350594
              North_Bound_Latitude: 
                Decimal: 
                  22.27916178151476
  Identification_Information: 
    Service_Identification: 
      Citation: 
        Citation: 
          Title: 
            Observed Presence of Alien and Invasive Algae, 2000-2013 - Hawaii
          Date: 
            Date: 
              Date: 
                Date: 
                  2017-03-14
              Date_Type: 
                Date_Type_Code: 
                  creation
          Date: 
            Date: 
              Date: 
                Date: 
                  2017-03-14
              Date_Type: 
                Date_Type_Code: 
                  issued
          Date: 
            Date: 
              Date: 
                Date: 
                  2017-03-14
              Date_Type: 
                Date_Type_Code: 
                  revision
          Cited_Responsible_Party: 
            Responsible_Party: 
              Individual_Name: 
                Carrie V. Kappel
              Organisation_Name: 
                National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS)
              Contact_Information: 
                Contact: 
                  Address: 
                    Address: 
                      Electronic_Mail_Address: 
                        kappel@nceas.ucsb.edu
                  Online_Resource: 
                    Online_Resource: 
                      Linkage: 
                        URL: 
                          http://oceantippingpoints.org/about-us/people#Carrie
                      Protocol: 
                        http
                      Application_Profile: 
                        web browser
                      Name: 
                      Description: 
                      Function: 
                        OnLine_Function_Code: 
                          information
              Role: 
                Role_Code: 
                  principalInvestigator
          Cited_Responsible_Party: 
            Responsible_Party: 
              Organisation_Name: 
                Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS)
              Contact_Information: 
                Contact: 
                  Address: 
                    Address: 
                      Electronic_Mail_Address: 
                        info@pacioos.org
                  Online_Resource: 
                    Online_Resource: 
                      Linkage: 
                        URL: 
                          http://pacioos.org
                      Protocol: 
                        http
                      Application_Profile: 
                        web browser
                      Name: 
                      Description: 
                      Function: 
                        OnLine_Function_Code: 
                          information
              Role: 
                Role_Code: 
                  publisher
      Abstract: 
        Due to the geographic isolation of the Hawaiian Islands, close to 25% 
        of Hawaii's reef fishes and red algae species are endemic. This leaves 
        Hawaiian coral reefs particularly vulnerable to alien invasions due to 
        their valuable role as a biodiversity resource. Invasive algae can 
        pose a serious threat to coral reefs by spreading and growing rapidly, 
        smothering or outcompeting corals and other organisms. This can 
        significantly alter the structure and function of the reef ecosystem. 
        Four species of alien red algae have become invasive in Hawaii: 
        prickly seaweed (Acanthophora spicifera), hookweed (Hypnea 
        musciformis), smothering seaweed (Kappaphycus spp.), and gorilla ogo 
        (Gracilaria salicornia). This raster data layer represents the 
        presence of alien and invasive algal species within 1 km of an 
        observation. Invasive algae data originated from monitoring surveys in 
        the University of Hawaii at Manoa (UH) Fisheries Ecology Research 
        Laboratory (FERL) Hawaii Fish and Benthic Biological Synthesis 
        Database (2000-2013), which is synthesized from NOAA, State of Hawaii 
        Division of Aquatic Resources (DAR), Coral Reef Assessment and 
        Monitoring Program (CRAMP), and The Nature Conservancy (TNC), as well 
        as invasive algae surveys conducted across the state in 2002 by Dr. 
        Jennifer Smith (Smith et al., 2002).
        
        These data should be considered presence only. Areas with no presence 
        may be due to lack of survey data, surveys that did not identify algae 
        to the species level, or observed absence. Point data for transects 
        with observed presence of any invasive algae were assigned a value of 
        1 and converted to raster with 500-m pixel size. To account for 
        uncertainty in geographic position and the fragmentation and spread of 
        algae, the Ocean Tipping Points (OTP) project estimated presence 
        within a 1-km radius of observed invasive algae presence. A Focal 
        Statistics tool was run to calculate the maximum value within a 1-km 
        radius of each pixel with the assumption that if an invasive algae was 
        observed in one location it is likely present in at least the 
        surrounding 1 km of reef area. Final raster values of 1 represent 
        areas within 1 km of positive invasive algae observations while values 
        of 0 represent the remaining area. The geographic extent of the data 
        layer is from the shoreline of the Main Hawaiian Islands extending 5 
        km offshore and 1 km inshore.
      Service_Type: 
        Local_Name: 
          Open Geospatial Consortium Web Coverage Service (WCS)
      Extent: 
        Extent: 
          Geographic_Element: 
            Geographic_Bounding_Box: 
              Extent_Type_Code: 
                Boolean: 
                  1
              West_Bound_Longitude: 
                Decimal: 
                  -160.29941254176182
              East_Bound_Longitude: 
                Decimal: 
                  -154.67768920003857
              South_Bound_Latitude: 
                Decimal: 
                  18.84863823350594
              North_Bound_Latitude: 
                Decimal: 
                  22.27916178151476
      Coupling_Type: 
        Coupling_Type: 
          tight
      Contains_Operations: 
        Operation_Metadata: 
          Operation_Name: 
            GetCapabilities
          Distributed_Computing_Platforms: 
          Connect_Point: 
            Online_Resource: 
              Linkage: 
                URL: 
                  https://geo.pacioos.hawaii.edu/geoserver/PACIOOS/hi_otp_all_invasive_algae/ows?service=WCS&version=1.0.0&request=GetCapabilities
              Protocol: 
                OGC:WCS
              Name: 
                OGC-WCS
              Description: 
                Open Geospatial Consortium Web Coverage Service (WCS). 
                Supported WCS versions include 1.0.0, 1.1.0, and 1.1.1. 
                Supported output formats include GeoTIFF, GIF, JPEG, PNG, or 
                TIFF.
              Function: 
                OnLine_Function_Code: 
                  download
      Operates_On: 
  Identification_Information: 
    Service_Identification: 
      Citation: 
        Citation: 
          Title: 
            Observed Presence of Alien and Invasive Algae, 2000-2013 - Hawaii
          Date: 
            Date: 
              Date: 
                Date: 
                  2017-03-14
              Date_Type: 
                Date_Type_Code: 
                  creation
          Date: 
            Date: 
              Date: 
                Date: 
                  2017-03-14
              Date_Type: 
                Date_Type_Code: 
                  issued
          Date: 
            Date: 
              Date: 
                Date: 
                  2017-03-14
              Date_Type: 
                Date_Type_Code: 
                  revision
          Cited_Responsible_Party: 
            Responsible_Party: 
              Individual_Name: 
                Carrie V. Kappel
              Organisation_Name: 
                National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS)
              Contact_Information: 
                Contact: 
                  Address: 
                    Address: 
                      Electronic_Mail_Address: 
                        kappel@nceas.ucsb.edu
                  Online_Resource: 
                    Online_Resource: 
                      Linkage: 
                        URL: 
                          http://oceantippingpoints.org/about-us/people#Carrie
                      Protocol: 
                        http
                      Application_Profile: 
                        web browser
                      Name: 
                      Description: 
                      Function: 
                        OnLine_Function_Code: 
                          information
              Role: 
                Role_Code: 
                  principalInvestigator
          Cited_Responsible_Party: 
            Responsible_Party: 
              Organisation_Name: 
                Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS)
              Contact_Information: 
                Contact: 
                  Address: 
                    Address: 
                      Electronic_Mail_Address: 
                        info@pacioos.org
                  Online_Resource: 
                    Online_Resource: 
                      Linkage: 
                        URL: 
                          http://pacioos.org
                      Protocol: 
                        http
                      Application_Profile: 
                        web browser
                      Name: 
                      Description: 
                      Function: 
                        OnLine_Function_Code: 
                          information
              Role: 
                Role_Code: 
                  publisher
      Abstract: 
        Due to the geographic isolation of the Hawaiian Islands, close to 25% 
        of Hawaii's reef fishes and red algae species are endemic. This leaves 
        Hawaiian coral reefs particularly vulnerable to alien invasions due to 
        their valuable role as a biodiversity resource. Invasive algae can 
        pose a serious threat to coral reefs by spreading and growing rapidly, 
        smothering or outcompeting corals and other organisms. This can 
        significantly alter the structure and function of the reef ecosystem. 
        Four species of alien red algae have become invasive in Hawaii: 
        prickly seaweed (Acanthophora spicifera), hookweed (Hypnea 
        musciformis), smothering seaweed (Kappaphycus spp.), and gorilla ogo 
        (Gracilaria salicornia). This raster data layer represents the 
        presence of alien and invasive algal species within 1 km of an 
        observation. Invasive algae data originated from monitoring surveys in 
        the University of Hawaii at Manoa (UH) Fisheries Ecology Research 
        Laboratory (FERL) Hawaii Fish and Benthic Biological Synthesis 
        Database (2000-2013), which is synthesized from NOAA, State of Hawaii 
        Division of Aquatic Resources (DAR), Coral Reef Assessment and 
        Monitoring Program (CRAMP), and The Nature Conservancy (TNC), as well 
        as invasive algae surveys conducted across the state in 2002 by Dr. 
        Jennifer Smith (Smith et al., 2002).
        
        These data should be considered presence only. Areas with no presence 
        may be due to lack of survey data, surveys that did not identify algae 
        to the species level, or observed absence. Point data for transects 
        with observed presence of any invasive algae were assigned a value of 
        1 and converted to raster with 500-m pixel size. To account for 
        uncertainty in geographic position and the fragmentation and spread of 
        algae, the Ocean Tipping Points (OTP) project estimated presence 
        within a 1-km radius of observed invasive algae presence. A Focal 
        Statistics tool was run to calculate the maximum value within a 1-km 
        radius of each pixel with the assumption that if an invasive algae was 
        observed in one location it is likely present in at least the 
        surrounding 1 km of reef area. Final raster values of 1 represent 
        areas within 1 km of positive invasive algae observations while values 
        of 0 represent the remaining area. The geographic extent of the data 
        layer is from the shoreline of the Main Hawaiian Islands extending 5 
        km offshore and 1 km inshore.
      Service_Type: 
        Local_Name: 
          Open Geospatial Consortium Web Map Service (WMS)
      Extent: 
        Extent: 
          Geographic_Element: 
            Geographic_Bounding_Box: 
              Extent_Type_Code: 
                Boolean: 
                  1
              West_Bound_Longitude: 
                Decimal: 
                  -160.29941254176182
              East_Bound_Longitude: 
                Decimal: 
                  -154.67768920003857
              South_Bound_Latitude: 
                Decimal: 
                  18.84863823350594
              North_Bound_Latitude: 
                Decimal: 
                  22.27916178151476
      Coupling_Type: 
        Coupling_Type: 
          tight
      Contains_Operations: 
        Operation_Metadata: 
          Operation_Name: 
            GetCapabilities
          Distributed_Computing_Platforms: 
          Connect_Point: 
            Online_Resource: 
              Linkage: 
                URL: 
                  https://geo.pacioos.hawaii.edu/geoserver/PACIOOS/hi_otp_all_invasive_algae/ows?service=WMS&version=1.3.0&request=GetCapabilities
              Protocol: 
                OGC:WMS
              Name: 
                OGC-WMS
              Description: 
                Open Geospatial Consortium Web Map Service (WMS). Supported 
                WMS versions include 1.1.1 and 1.3.0. Supported map formats 
                include AtomPub, GeoRSS, GeoTIFF, GIF, JPEG, KML/KMZ, PDF, 
                PNG, SVG, and TIFF. Supported info formats include GeoJSON, 
                GeoJSON-P, GML, HTML, and plain text.
              Function: 
                OnLine_Function_Code: 
                  download
      Operates_On: 
  Distribution_Information: 
    Distribution: 
      Distributor: 
        Distributor: 
          Distributor_Contact: 
            Responsible_Party: 
              Individual_Name: 
              Organisation_Name: 
                Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS)
              Contact_Information: 
                Contact: 
                  Address: 
                    Address: 
                      Electronic_Mail_Address: 
                        info@pacioos.org
                  Online_Resource: 
                    Online_Resource: 
                      Linkage: 
                        URL: 
                          http://pacioos.org
                      Protocol: 
                        http
                      Application_Profile: 
                        web browser
                      Function: 
                        OnLine_Function_Code: 
                          information
              Role: 
                Role_Code: 
                  publisher
          Distributor_Transfer_Options: 
            Digital_Transfer_Options: 
              Online: 
                Online_Resource: 
                  Linkage: 
                    URL: 
                      https://geo.pacioos.hawaii.edu/geoserver/
                  Protocol: 
                    http
                  Name: 
                    GeoServer
                  Description: 
                    This URL provides access to this dataset via GeoServer, 
                    including multiple output formats and an OpenLayers viewer.
                  Function: 
                    OnLine_Function_Code: 
                      download
          Distributor_Transfer_Options: 
            Digital_Transfer_Options: 
              Online: 
                Online_Resource: 
                  Linkage: 
                    URL: 
                      http://pacioos.org/projects/oceantippingpoints/#data
                  Protocol: 
                    http
                  Name: 
                    PacIOOS Ocean Tipping Points (OTP) Data Viewer
                  Description: 
                    This URL provides a viewer and/or data access for this 
                    dataset.
                  Function: 
                    OnLine_Function_Code: 
                      download
  Data_Quality_Information: 
    Data_Quality: 
      Scope: 
        Scope: 
          Hierarchy_Level: 
            Scope_Code: 
              dataset
      Lineage: 
        Lineage: 
          Statement: 
            2017-03-14T00:00:00Z OGC web services (WMS and WFS) enabled by 
            PacIOOS via GeoServer. Original data from source provider may have 
            been reformatted, reprojected, or adjusted in other ways to 
            optimize these capabilities.
  Metadata_Maintenance: 
    Maintenance_Information: 
      Maintenance_And_Update_Frequency: 
      Maintenance_Note: 
        This record was translated and enhanced from GeoServer OGC Web 
        Services (OWS) using PacIOOS software.